Lathe



June 5, 1928 G. D. SUNDSTRAND LATHE 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 fax e/z/o/ Filed Sept. 28. 1922 zzdsZzzi/zd I M 14gb 6.22 MA-MM June 5, 1928. 1,672,475

G. D. suNDsTRAND.

LATHE Filed Sept. 28, 1922 4-Sheets-Sheet 2 Z/ fiAIKAL- June 5. 1928. 1,672,475

G. D. SUNDSTRAND LATHE Fi1e Sept. 28. 1922 I 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 h w June 5. 1928.

G. D. SUNDSTRAND LATHE Filed Sept. 28. 1922 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 r fi i f u {m W m M M M m mi o. u Q Q w M w a w M/ Q a and , piston packing rings,

and manner Patented June 5, 1928.

eu'sa'ar Dawn SUNDSTRAND,

1,672,415 T OFFICE.

mom T001. (10., or aocxronn, rumors, A coaronarron or armors. Lemma Application filed September 28, 1922. Serial No. 591,038.

This invention relates to machine tools and has particular reference to machines usedin the manufacture of parts requiring a'substantial amount of machine work, such, for example, as pistons for internal-combustion engines, pulleys and small 'fly wheels, gear blanks, bushings and rings of various types, universal joint crosses, sprockets, ball and socket joints, etc.

The object of stated, is to produce a machine tool in the nature of a lathe, of such construction and arrangement that a large number of operations may be performed upon the work simultaneously and with. increased facility, thus increasingthe efliciency of the manufacturing operation.-

For purposes of illustration,

will hereinafter describe my invention as embodied in a lathe employed in the manufacture of pistons. These are customarily supplied to the machine shop in the.

form of rough castings and it is necessary in machining a piston to turn its outer periphery, to face its opposite ends, to turn the inner peripheral surface of the skirt, to form the grooves which are to receive the and in some instances, to form a recess centrally of the closed end of the piston to facilitate the mounting of the same in the lathe for certain operations, and in a grinding machine for the final operation. Heretofore, it has been the practice to perform the several machining operations in lathes essentially of standard construction. Consequently numerous separate operations have been necessary so that a great deal of time and labor has been .consumed in positioning and removing the pistons fromjthe lathe before and after each operation.

Another object of my invention is to produce a lathe in whicl1 ,.-the several operations may be economicall performed in the order which a particular manufacturer may prefergk Further object's produce a machine having the parts very compactly arranged so that it will occupy a minimum'amount of floor s ace; to provide a construction such that t e work may be firmly supported in the lathe; to provide simple means for eflecting the necessa changes in speeds; to combine the driving ,tirely enclosed,

m invention generally" y those skilled in I have shown which is supported ,portion or headstock,

provided with a split arm may (if the invention are .to.

ry. sleeve 20, depen mechanism so thatthe whole is almost enthus forming a self-con- OF ROCKFORD: ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO SUNDS'IR-AN'D tained machine; and finally, to attain a high degree of simplicity in construction and convenience in the arrangement of parts.

In the accompanyin drawings, I have illustrated but one' em odiment of the invention. It is contemplated, however, that form, construction various changes in the and arrangement of parts ma be made by the art, but without depart ing from the spirit and=scope oftheinvention as expressed in the appended claims.

Figure 1' of the drawings is a front elevational view of my improved lathe. Fig. plan view of the same the overarm broken away. Fig. 3 is an end elevational view. Fig. 4 is a similar view but with parts broken away to show details of construction. of the left hand end of the machine. Figs. 6, 7 and 8 are side views of a piston illustrating the various steps in the manufacturing operation. The embodiment of the invention herein shown comprises a hollow base 10 upon at one end a body of substantial height, forming in effect a column of which the lower or main portion 11 constitutes a bed and the upper portion 12 forms a stationary head-stock; A work porting spindle 13 is journalled in the u and above the is mounted a shaft 14 which extends Iontudinally over the bed, forming an overarm. The extreme upper end of the column -is bearing 15 Fig. 16, whereby eoverrigidly held in position. Y

At the opposite end of the bed, I provide a tailstock 17 which is so mounted asto constitute a connection between the overarm and the lathe be To this end the upper portion of the tailstock has}; split bearing 18 having clamping bolts 19. depending portion 20 havin which is mounted upon a stud the lathe bed 11. The stud 21 extends parallel with the overarm. In some instances the tailstock is 22 and spacing placed at either supper

having clamping bolts a sleeve 20 21 carriedby collars 23-,the collars being ding upon the desired spec mg of the tailstock from the headstock. In

splndle The tailstock also has a i Fig. 5 is an elevational view secured in position by a nut 10 side or at each side of the other instances the collars are removed to lar to the path of movementof the front carpermit of the movement of the tailstock by riagc. l also utilize as a tool support the the overarm as hereinafter set forth. The overarm H as hereinafter set forth.

construction while providing an effectual The longitudinally movable. front tool carsupport for-the tailstock also provides a riagc is indicated at 42 (Fig. 1); It is of support for the free end of the overari-n. the apron type. mounted upon the ways 43 The tailstock is provided with a center 24 and 44- (Fig. 4) and carrying a table 45 (Fig. 2) adjustable in the usual way by upon which a saddle-46 is transversely movmeans of a hand wheel 25 and arranged to be able. The latter in turn supports a tool locked by the clamping screw 26 (Fig. l). holder -17 for longitudinal adjustn'ieut, and The spindle 13 of the headstock may he the saddle 4c is adjusted transversely by; provided with suitable means for holding means of a manually .operable, screw 48.. the work A. In Fig. 1, l have shown an in- The tool holder maybe of any preferred conternal chuck 27 which is especially adapted struction, being herein shown (Fig. 2) as 15 to hold a piston. It. will be understood, equipped with two tools 49 which are adapt- 8" however, that if desired, the work may be ed in the longitudinal movement of the carsupported between the center 24 of the tail riage to turn the-outer periphery of the pisstock and a corresponding centering chuck ton. (not shown) on the spindle. j The transversely movable or rear tool car- Enclosed within the base 10 is an electric riagc is designated by the numeral 50 (Fig. 8 motor 28 which I prefer to employ as the 4). This carriage is mounted upon transsource of power. A pulley 29 on the motor verse ways 51 formed upon the upper side. shaft projects aflho'rt distance from the rear of the lathe bed and carries a table 52 adjustside of the base and is connected by means of able longitudinally in grooves 53. The

a belt 30 with a pulley 31 on a transverse table in turn carries a tool holder 54 of suitshaft 32 mounted at one end in the column able construction equipped with tools 55. 56. and at its other end in a bearing 3?, (Fig. 5) and 56 (Fig. 2). In the transverse movecarried at the upper end of a rearwardly and ment of the carriage 50, the tools 55, .56 and upwardly extending arm 34. A suitable 56- form the piston ring grooves and face the clutch 35 is arranged to be actuated by a opposite ends of the piston. 9 control member 36 to effect connection be- The mcansfor moving the carriages 42 tween the pulley 31 and the shaft 32. This and are actuated froma common drive clutch and its controlling means forms per mechanism including a shaft 57 (Fig. 4) se, no part of the present invention, and mounted transversely in the bed and. opera- 35 hence, is not particularly set forth. It will tively connected with the spindle 13 by 1" be observed, however, that the control memmeans of a chain and sprocket connection 58 her is so arranged as to extend forwardly (Fig. 1), change speed gears 59,-a shaft 60, over the headstock within convenient reach a wornr61, and a worm wheel 62, the latter of the operator stationed at the forward side being fast on-the shaft57.

9 of the machine. The means for moving the carriage 50 The means for transmitting power applied comprises a pair of spur gears 63 (Fig. 4), a to the transverse shaft 32, to the spindle 13 bevel gears 64, and a vertical shaft 65 upon herein comprises a pair of intermeshing which is mounted a cam 66 (Fig g) adapted gears-37 (Fig. 5), one of which is fastened to engage \vitha roller 67 carried by the table 45 upon the forward end of the shaft 32- and '52 on the carriage 5O. Movement of the carthe other of which is fixed to a parallel riage in a direction toward the spindleis reshaft '38 also mounted in' the headstock strained by a coiled tension spring 68 so thatabove the shaft 32. The column has a dewhen the cam member 66 in its rotation betachable gear case 39 upon its forward side comes disengaged from the roller 67 the car- 50 which encloses the gears 37. This construcriage' is returned to its rear or initialposition permits of the changing of the gear tion. Upon its rear sidethe columnhas a ratio to vary the speed of the spindle when gear case '3 enclosing the gears 63- and dedes'ired. The shaft, 38 carries a worm 40 tachable to render it possible to vary the ,within the column meshing with the worm speed of the feed mechanism for the car- 55 wheel 41 which is fastened upon the spindle riage 50 as desired. 13. It wi be seen that with the exception The means thus provided for imparting of the be and its pulleys the means for transverse feeding movements to the carriage transmit 'ng power from the motor is wholisof an advantageous character because the ly contained within the housing provided by rotation of the cam in a horizontal plane 60 hollow base and column. renders it unnecessary to provide an opening I have provided a front toolcarriage movin the base to accommodate the cam, thereby able longitudinally of the lathe bed in a di weakening the construction. Also the cam rection parallel to the spindle, and-a rear as thus arranged renders a compact constructool carriage movable transversely of the tion possible. The cam it will be noted, en-

- bed in a direction substantially perpendicu; gages with the carriage substantially at the 13 tendency to set up twisting or binding now be described.

stresses which cause wear upon the ways and are detrimental to the accuracy of the machine. 1

- The carriage 42 (Fig. 4) is actuated from the shaft 57 through the medium of a inion 69 and rack 70. The pin'ionjis' fasten upon the shaft 57 upon the forward side of the 11 and meshes with the rack which upon the under side of the carriage 42. A block 71, (Fig. 1) is mounted for longitudinal adjustment at the lower end of the carriage 42 in a groove 72 and has a forwardly projecting pin 71" arranged to engage with a means for stopping the feeding operation at a predetermined point in the travel of the carriage which means will Referring to Figs. 1 and 4, the shaft 60 carrying the worm 61 is connected with a shaft 73 which carries one of the" change speed gears 59 through the medium of a universal coupling 74; and the free end of the shaft 60 carries a bearing member 75 mounted upon a pair of spaced levers 76 (Fig. 4) fastened upon a shaft 77. Said shaft carries a crank arm 78 with which is rigid a lever 79 extending upwardly and longitudinally to a point centrally of the lathe (Fig. 1);, It will be seen that the weight .of the lever 79 plus the weight of the shaft 60, worm 61 and bearing 75, willtend to move the worm out of engagement with the worm wheel 62.

Normally it is supported in such engagement with the wheel 62 by means of a pin 80 probearing carried by the block from jecting upon a lug 81 whichisformed u on a lever ward side of the lathe bed. A coiled torsion spring 83 normally holds the lug 81 under the pin 80, but the upper end of the leveris arranged to be engaged by the pin 71 71 on the carriage 42, whereby to move the lug 81* from beneath the in 80 and effect the release of the worm rom the wheel62. The lever 82 is provided near its upper end with-a handle 84 by means of which it may be manually operated to disengage the worm 61 from its wheel. t

For the purpose of manually ad usting the carriage 42, the shaft 57 carries at its forward end ahand whecl85. Such manual feed In chanism after disengaging the worm from t e worm wheelas just described.

Th change speed gears 59 ,(Fig. 1) areenclosed within a gear case 86 removably mounted upon the column at the left hand adjustment is efl'ected independently of the "end thereof. Consequently. the speed at which the feed mechanism 1s readlly varied at will.

The means for supporting a tool or tools driven may be forwardly from the lever 79 and- 82 pivotally mounted upon the or- 52 with reference the overarm 14 may be of any suitable overarm by a bolt na l adjustment in its bearings 15 and 17.

To this end one side face of the ovcrarni is flattened and provided with gear teeth 90 with which a. pinion 91 fast-cued upon a shaft 92 is arranged to mesh. For convenience in rotating the shaft 92 it may be provided with a cross rod 93. When the tool has been adjusted of the shaft 92, it will, of course. be locked in position bythe clamp devices 16. desired, the tailstoek 17 may also be adjusted by moving the overarm 14, it being understood that the spacing rings. 23 on the shaft 21 are removed for this urposc.

through the operation When For the purpose of collecting oil, chips provide a pan 94. partially its upper the inner periphery c of the skirt d. The

piston, in this instance is'placed upon the chuck 27, and a boring bit 95 (Fig. 1) clamped in the tailstock in the place of the center 24, is fed in a direction toward the closed end of thepiston sutiiciently to form a recess of the desired depth. The tailstock thus is convertedinto a too holder. At about the same time, the tool 89 carried by the overarm 14 is moved into engagement with the open end of the piston so as to .finish the inner periphery of the skirt, and the tool 56 (Fig.2) carried by the rear tool holder 54 is fed so as to face the open. end of the piston. In the nextsor second setting (Fig. 7) the workis supported between a suitable chuck and the center 24 said center replacing the boring bit 95. The outer periphery e of the piston is now turned by the engagement of the tools '49 moved longitudinally by the feeding mechanism for the carriage 42; the grooves f for the piston packing rings are formed by the three tools 55' earned by the tool holder upon the rear earring-e50, the movement of these tools to form the grooves of effected through the adjustment of the table to the cam 66; and the tool 56 also carried by the tool holder 54 (Fig; 6) in,

the desired depth being preferably operates to face the closed end 9 o-fthe piston.

. In the second group of operations, the surfaces are cut roughly so that a third group of finishing operations (see Fig. 8) is necessary before the piston is ground. These are performed in the same manner as the case ot'ithe second group except that the tools are set to make a finishing cut.

In the manufacture of articles, such as pistons, in large quantities, it is found more economical to employ a number of machines,

each performing acertain operation. \Vith the division of the several operations into three main groups or settings, as above set forth, three lathes only 'need be employed. After the third operation a final finishing or grinding operation is performed in a suit able grinding machine.

It will be apparent that since the number of operations which may be performed simultaneously in one machine is increased the number. of machines required for the maxmfactureof the article in quantities, and hence the cost thereof and the floor space required, is greatly reduced. Moreover the. saving in time which is effected by reason of the elimination of waste of time in placing the work in one machine 'and removing it therefrom in connection witlreach operation, is very great.

As to construction, it will be apparent that the machine is of extreme simplicity, and yet it embodies a highly advantageous arrangement of the parts and is well adapted for the especial use to which it may be put. Moreover, the parts are so compactly arranged that the machine occupies a minimum amount of floor space. I

Thus, it will be noted that the elevation of the spindle and tool holders renders it unnecessary for the attendant to stoop or bend over the machine. The cont-rolling devices are also located-conveniently with respect to the attendant stationed at the front of the machine. 1 l

I deem the use of an overarm in a lathe to be of substantial importance in that it enables the performance of heavy work without any undue strain and with a high degree of accuracy.

' I also believe that I am the first to have utilized an overhanging arm in a lathe for the purpose of carrying cutting tools, the arm being adjustable for the purpose of properly positioning the toolsas well as to move the tailstock.

The construction, moreover, is such that an exceedingly compact machine tool is produced occupying a minimum amount of space and the enclosure of the major portion of the drive mechanism is also advantageous.

I claim as my invention: 1. A lathe having, in combination, an upright body providing a bed, a headstock at one end of thebed and a tailstock at the other end of the bed, means carried by said headstock and said tailstockfor rotatably supporting the work, a front tool carria e mounted on the-forward slde of the b0 y for movement parallel to the axis of the work, a rear tool carriage mounted on said bed for movement transversely of the Work, dri :ing means, and means providing operative connections between said driving means and said carriages to move them andincluding a trip mechanism operable to interrupt the travel of the front tool carriage at the end of a predetermined movement thereof, the connection between said driving means and the rear tool carnage including a cam mounted to turn on an upright axis and operatix'ely engaging withthe carriage near the rear end thereof, said cam being adapted to impart a single full feeding stroke to the rear tool carriage during a full feeding stroke of the front tool carriage mechanism.

' Q. In. a lathe. the combination of means tively associated therewith, and trip mechanism for interrupting the operation of said driving-means, said cam being adapted to impart a full feeding stroke to the rear tool carriage during a full feeding stroke to the front tool carriage.

A lathe having a bed, a headstock at one end of the bed, a t'ailstock on the other end of the bed, a front tool carriage mounted on the bed .for movement longitudinally thereof, a rear tool carriage mounted for transverse movement upon the bed. means carried by the headstock and the tailstock for rotatably supporting the work, and means for feeding said carriages to carry cutting tools thereon simultaneously into engagement with the work, the means for feeding the rear tool carriage including a.

"rotarycam adapted at a predetermined point in the rotation thereof to effect an interruption of the feed and a withdrawal of the real tool carriage away from the work.

4. A lat-he having a spindle adapted rotatably to support the work, an overarm, and a tailstock secured to said overarm and adapted to support a cutting tool for engagement with the work.

5. A lathe having a spindle adapted rotatably to support. the work, an overarm,

means acting upon said overarin to move it,

portion of the and a tool support movable with the overarm.

6. A lathe comprising, in combination, a bed, a headstock .rigid with one end of the bed, a front tool carriage mounted on the forward side of the bed and adapted for movement past the headstock, an overarm" carried by the headstock, a tailstock on the overarm, a tool support on said carriage, and means for imparting a feeding movement to said carriage.

7. In a lathe, a column including a bed, an overarm mounted in. the column, and a connection between the overarm and the bed comprising a tailstockmounted on the bed and having a bearing for receiving the overarm. a A 8. A lathe having .a column, a spindle journalled near the upper portion of the column and extending longitudinally of the lathe, a carriage, means-for moving the carriage including a shaft mounted in the lower column, means providing a change speed gearing connection'between said spindle and said shaft including a second shaft parallel with the first shaft and connected with the spindle, and a pair of inter-meshing gears connectin said two shafts, and a housing detachab y secured to the column for enclosing said gears.

9. A lathe having mounted to 'slide transversely of the bed, means for moving the carriage including a shaft mounted transversely of thebed, a cam adapted to move the carriage, a vertically disposed shaft having said cam there on, means operatively connecting said shaft with the first mentioned shaft including a pair of intermeshing gears, and adetachable gear case for enclosing said gears.

'10. A lathe having a column, a spindle journalled near the upper portion of the col umn extending longitudinally of the lathe, a transverse shaft extending through the coluinn and projecting rearwardly therefrom, a bracket secured to the rear side of the column and supporting the rear end of the mounted on the shaft, a

shaft, a pulley clutch for operatively connecting said pulley with the shaft, a controlling devicefor said clutch including a lever mounted on said bracket and extending forwardly over the column, and means operatively connecting said shaft with the spindle.

11. A lathe having a headstock, a spindle 'journaled in the headstock," a shaft mounted transversely below the headstock and projecting rearwardly therefrom, a bracket supported rearwardlyof the headstock and providin a support for the rear end of said shaft, a tool carriage operatively con nected with said spindle for feeding movemeht, means including atl'clutch for driving said shaft, anda'lever mounted on said a hollow bed, a carriage headstock above bracket and extending forwardly over the headstock, said lever bein operatively as sociated with said clutch w ereby to control the operation of the spindle and the carriage.

12. A. lathe comprising, in combination, a bed. a headstock at one end of the bed, a fronttool carriage mounted on the forward side of the bed and adapted for movement past the headstock, an overarm carried by the headstock, a tool support carried by the overarm, and means. for moving said tool support to feed a tool carried .thereby into engagement with the work carried by the headstock.

13. A lathe comprising, in combination,

a bed, a headstock, rigid with the bed and rising from one end thereof, a work supa front tool carria e mounted on the forward side of the be the headstock above connecting the opposite end of said bed with the overarm, a rear tool carriage mounted for transverse movement on the bed, and means for simultaneously feeding the front and rear tool carriages. V

14. A lathe comprising, in combination, a bed, a headstock rigid with the bed and rising from one end thereof, a work supporting spindle mounted in the headstock, a front tool carriagemounted onthe forward side of the bed, and overarm carried by the overarm, a rear tool carriage mounted for transverse movement on the bed; a tool support carried by the overarm, means for ime parting feeding movements tothe front and rear tool carriages, and means for imparting a feeding movement to said tool support.

15. A lathe constructed to provide a rigid rectangular frame comprising a bed, a headstock, an overarm and a tailstock, means carried by the head and tailstocks for rotatably supporting the work,'and a plurality of tool supports mounted on the bed and the overarm and, adapted to carry their tools si-.

, an overarmcarried by the spindle, a tailstock the spindle, a tailstock con- 'necting the opposite end of said bed with the III multaneously into engagement with the work.

16. A lathe having a bed, aheadstock riigid with and rising from one end ofthe be a tailstock connectedto the other end of the bed, an overarm connecting the headstockand the tailstock above the d, a front tool carriage mounted on the bed for movement longitudinally thereof, a. rear tool carriage mounted for transverse movement upon the bed, means carried by the head and tail stocks for rotatably supporting the work,-

and means for feedingsaid carriages to carry cutting tools thereon simultaneously mto engagement with the work.

. 17. A lathe having a bed, a headstock rigid with and rising from one end of the bed, a

tailstock connected to the other end of the bed, an overarm connecting the headstock and the tailstock above the bed, a front tool carriage mounted on the bed for movement longitudinally thereof, a rear tool carriage mounted for transverse movement upon the bed, means carried by the head and tailstorks for rotatably supporting the work, means for feeding said carriages to carry cutting tools thereon simultaneously into engagement with the work, a third tool support carried by the overarm, and manually operable means for feeding a tool on said support into engagement with the work.

18. A lathe having a bed, a headstock rising'from one end of the bed, a work supporting spindle journaled in the headstock, a tool carriage mounted for movement to carry a tool thereon into engagement with the work supported by said spindle, mechanism for imparting a feeding movement to said carriage, an overarm mounted in the head- Y stock, a tool support carried by the. overarm,

and manually operable means for feeding atool on said support. into engagement with the work.

19. A lathe having a bed, a headstock rising from one end of the bed, a work supporting spindle journaled in the headstock. a tool carriage mounted for movement to carry a. tool thereon into engagement with the work supported by said spindle, mechanism for imparting a feeding movement to said carriage, an overarm mounted in the headstock, a tailstock on the overarm adapted to support a tool for movement into engagement with the work, and manually operable means for feeding said tool.

'20 A lathe having, in combination, a bed, a headstock on the bed. a spindle in said headstock, an overarm supported above the spindle, a tailstock having in its upper portion an opening through which said overarm extends for supporting the tailstock, said tailstock also having an opening through its lower portion, a stud secured to said bed parallel with the overarm and extending through the last mentioned opening, spacing collars on said stud, and a nut on said stud for clamping said collars and the lower end of the tailstock to the bed.

21. A lathe having, in combination, a headstock, an overarm supported by the headstock, a tailstock having in its upper portion an opening through which said overarm extends for supporting the tailstock,

said tailstock also having an opening through its lower portion, a stud secured to one end of the bed parallel with the overarm and extending through the last mentioned opening and means for adjustably securing the lower end of thetailstock' in place on the stud.

22. A lathe having, in combination, a bed, a headstock on the bed, an overarm supported by the headstock, a stud fixed to. one end of the bed and extending parallel with the overarm, and a tailstock adpistably secured to the overarm and the stud. In testimony whereof, I

atfixed my signature.

v GUSTAF DAVID SUNDSTRAND.

have hereunto 

